How it works
Most livestock eat about 2–3% of their body weight in hay each day when hay is all they get. A 1,000 lb horse eats about 20 lb a day, a 1,200 lb cow about 30 lb. Add waste from feeding (5% in a good hay feeder, 25% or more when fed on the ground) and the total climbs fast.
How to use it
Count the days you'll feed hay, from when grazing runs out until spring growth. Weigh a few bales if you can, since actual bale weights vary a lot.
Reference chart
| Animal | Typical weight | Hay per day |
|---|---|---|
| Beef cow | 1,200 lb | about 30 lb (2.5%) |
| Horse | 1,000 lb | about 20 lb (2%) |
| Goat | 150 lb | about 5 lb (3.5%) |
| Sheep | 150 lb | about 4.5 lb (3%) |
| Donkey | 450 lb | about 8 lb (1.75%) |
Frequently asked questions
How many bales of hay does a horse need for winter?
A 1,000 lb horse eats about 20 lb of hay a day. Over 150 days, with 15% waste, that's about 3,500 lb: roughly 70 small square bales or 4–5 round bales of 800 lb.
How much hay does a cow eat per day?
About 2.5% of body weight, so a 1,200 lb cow eats about 30 lb a day. Lactating cows eat more.
How much hay is wasted?
Feeding on the ground can waste 25% or more. Round bale feeders and hay nets can cut waste to about 5–15%.
How much does a round bale weigh?
It varies with size, hay type and moisture. A 4×5 round is often 700–900 lb and a 5×6 round 1,000–1,400 lb. Weigh a few bales to know for sure.
Figures are typical values from university extension and breed-association guidance. Estimates only. Individual animals vary — confirm pregnancy and health questions with your veterinarian. Last reviewed 2026-09-18.